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1. Researching, Writing and Presenting Information - A How To Guide: Glossary of Common Instruction Terms

Glossary of Common Instruction Terms

Account: Account for: state reasons for, report on. Given an account of: narrate a series of events or transactions.

Analyse: Identify components and the relationship between them; draw out and relate implications.

Apply: Use, utilise, employ in a particular situation.

Appreciate: Understand (a situation) fully; grasp the full implications of.

Argue: To present the case for and the case against a particular idea/proposition.

Assess: Make a judgement of value, quality outcomes, results or size.

Calculate: Ascertain/determine from given facts, figures or information.

Clarify: Make clear or plain.

Classify: Arrange or include in classes/categories.

Compare: Show how things are similar or different.

Compose: The activity that occurs when students produce written, spoken, or visual texts.

Construct: Make; build; put together items or arguments.

Contrast:  Identify differences, demonstrate and discuss them.

Create: Bring into existance, to originate.

Criticise: Evaluate, express your judgements giving evidence for your view.

Critically analyse/ evaluate: Add a degree or level of accuracy, depth, knowledge and understanding, logic, questioning, reflection and quality to an analysis/evaluation.

Debate: Argue from two or more viewpoints.

Deduce: Draw conclusions.

Define: Give clear, concise meanings without presenting details.

Demonstrate: Give a practical exhibition an explanation.

Describe: To give a detailed account of a topic or object.

Design: Plan, model or shape an idea or object.

Demonstrate: Show by example. Describe Provide characteristics and features.

Discuss: Talk or write about a topic, identifying issues and provide point for and/or against.

Distinguish: Recognise or note/indicate as being distinct or different from; tonote differences between.

Evaluate: Make a judgement based on criteria; determine the value of.

Examine: Select and discuss significant aspects.

Explain: Relate cause and effect, make the relationship between thing evident; provide why and/or how.

Extract: Choose relevant and/or appropriate details.

Extrapolate: Infer from what is known.

Hypothesise: Put forward a supposition or conjecture to account for certain facts and used as a basis for further investigation by which it may be proved or disproved.

Identify: Recognise and name.

Interpret: Draw meaning from.

Investigate: Plan, inquire into and draw conclusions about.

Justify: Support an argument or conclusion.

Manipulate: Adapt or change.

Outline: Sketch in general terms; indicate the main features of.

Observe: Using sense to gain information about your surroundings.

Plan: Strategise, develop a series of steps/processes.

Predict: Suggest what may happen based on available information.

Propose: Put forward (for example a point of view, idea, argument, suggestion) for consideration or action.

Prove: Establish that something is true using logical reasoning and evidence.

Reflect: The thought process by which students develop an understanding and appreciation of their own learning. This process draws on both cognitive and affective experience.

Relate: Show are things are connected to each other; how they are alike or affect each other.

Represent: Use words, images, symbols or signs to convey meaning.

Reproduce: Copy or make close imitation.

Respond: React to a person or text.

Review: Examine a subject critically.

Select: Choose in preference to another or others.

Sequence: Arrange in order.

Summarise: Express, concisely, the relevant details.

State: Present ideas clearly and concisely. Details, illustrations or examples may be left out.

Synthesise: Put together various elements to make a whole.

Test: Examine qualities or abilities.

Trace: Show the progress or development.

Translate: Express in another language or form, or in simpler terms.

Verify: To check experiment by conducting parallel experiment; compare with other standards.

Visualise: The ability to decode, interpret, create, question, challenge and evaluate texts that communicate with visual images as well as, or rather than, words.