Deconstruction
Deconstruction is the analytical process of interpreting a text by exposing the implicit ideology within it. Deconstruction focuses on contradictions and slippages of meaning in order to remind us that the meanings we make when we read are neither obvious nor neutral. It suggests that meanings are established not by language, but by the forces of dominant culture (Source: Literary Terms, Brian Moon Chalkface Press 1992).
The following points should assist you to deconstruct/analyse the texts you will be studying:
- Identify the subject and issues in the text.
- What is the tone of the text?
- Are there any cultural assumptions?
- How is the content organised? ie structure. How might this affect the reader’s interpretation?
- Is the text subjective or objective?
- What kind of language register is used to engage the reader? Consider the use of word choices, persuasive techniques and figurative language.
- Does the composer make use of symbols? To what effect?
- Who is the intended audience?
- What does the perspective expressed suggest about the composer?
- Which values are presented and explored?
- What does the text tell us about the time and place in which it was composed?
Discussion (Factual and response genres)
A discussion explores several sides of an issue.
Structure
- Include a lead-in sentence to state the topic and capture interest.
- Do not provide your viewpoint on the question in the introduction.
- Include signposts to the issues to be raised.
- Show a balanced presentation of the issues.
- Write one argument per paragraph.
- Your paragraphs must have a topic sentence followed by evidence and examples.
- The conclusion summarises the main points without including new information.
- The conclusion includes your own view – for/ against / on the fence. It should be a strong statement (e.g. It can be concluded that…”
Language features
- Use present tense.
- Avoid emotional language.
- Use occasional dramatic questions for effect (rhetorical questions).
- Write about the topic in general terms.
- Include “agree” and “ disagree” (It is believed that… ; Experts agree that…).
- Use phrases to introduce other points of view, e.g. on the other hand, generally.
